Sunday, February 13, 2022

Secondary Prevention Counselling

During my outpatient cardiology clinic experience, a saw a 50-something year old gentleman who was being referred to the clinic for regular cardiology follow up after a posterior STEMI in 2011. He had not seen a cardiologist for four years, and mentioned poor medication adherence. This was a reminder for me to review the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic secondary prevention strategies in patients with coronary artery disease:

Pharmacologic

  1. Anticoagulation: aspirin 81mg tablet
  2. Blood pressure control (<140/90 or <130/80 for patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease): 
  3. ACEi/ARB
  4. Beta-blocker
  5. Statin: goal of <2 or 50% reduction in LDL cholesterol

Non-pharmacologic

  1. Smoking cessation
  2. Weight management: 10% weight loss is recommended for overweight/obese patients 
  3. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and/or physical activity: 150 minutes per week of moderate-vigorous exercise is recommended
  4. Diet: Portfolio and Mediterranean diets have proven benefits.
  5. Influenza immunization

Together, we came up with realistic goals for this patient to achieve by his next visit. I emphasized the importance of goal-setting and taking small but permanent steps towards these lifestyle changes in a way that best suited his life. 



Resources: 

  1. Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. American Family Physician. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0201/afp20100201p289.pdf


-IL-

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